Noticing patterns and adjusting insulin

yes, we have a different ratio for each meal. 1:40 at breakfast, 1:30 at lunch (partly to cover a 10-15 carb afternoon snack without the extra shot), 1:50 at supper, plus we give a 30 carb bedtime snack. he also gets 8 units of lantus, which we give at bedtime (he's only 5 so less insulin at this point).

Be careful about the information in the book, he may not have the knowledge on managing T1D that you are looking for. 

A far better book on managing diabetes is "Think Like a Pancreas: A Practical Guide to Managing Diabetes with Insulin". 

You may want to split the Lantus in to two dosages, 12 hours apart. The insulin activity takes about 6 hours to peak, although it is a basal only, and pops up a little activity in about 20 hours. The two dosages will help minimize the lows and highs in the activity. You may also want to go through some 4-6 hour fasting during the day so you can hit the basal dosage on the mark before establishing the bolus ratio (insulin : carbs) to cover food. Any change you make in basal, Lantus, dosage will not be fully established for 36 to 72 hours after the change. 

In my opinion, and the opinion of many diabetes medical professionals, NPH is not an appropriate insulin to use with T1D MDI. The activity of the NPH will peak in 4-6 hours and will also change the I:C ration during the day, even when split into two dosages daily. I went off NPH in the '80 for good reason; it was running my life instead of me running my D.